徐州托福报名,2010年,托福考试,托福语法,笔记,改错,非谓语动词

一、现分与过分的区别

现分

过分

考与不考备注

-------------------------

主动

被动

90%(后置定语，状)

进行

完成

10%(前置定语)

┗┏┃

动作

状态

不考

┏

a retired general

┗ a retirign general 错

┏

a fallen fruit 在地下

┗ a falling fruit

正在掉

二、现在分词与过去分词的用法

1. 用于名词后作后置定语，等同于定语从句，只考虑主被动

Indians who lived in

~~~~~~~~~~~~=living

分词=从句

2. 用于句首，句末作状语，只考虑主被动

非此即彼

┏included in/by

┗including 分，prep

┏involved in

┗involving

3. 常考的接doing的词

enjoy , finish, celebrate, suggest, advocate, forgive,

mind, avoid, escape, tolerate, delay, quit

spend ... (in) doing

have difficulty/trouble/a problem/a hard time (in)

doing

三、动词不定式的省略用法

1. ┏help to do = help do 可省可不省

┗help sb to do = help sb do

2. 使役动词必省to

let sb do ; make sb do; have sb do ; bid sb do

have sth done

3. 关于感观动词

see, hear, notice, feel, watch

必须省to

┏see sb do 看见整个过程

┗see sb doing

看见动作正在进行

改被动后to 要加回来

┏be seen to do

┗be seen doing

四、动词不定式的固定用法

1. 第一“人”

the first (sb) to do

2. 表“迫使”的动词

allow sb to do allow sth

permit sb to do permit sth

enable sb to do enable sth

cause sb to do cause sth

force sb to do force sth

3. 表“倾向”的adj./V

tend to do

attemp to do

be (more) likely to do

that + 句子

be inclined to do

be apt to do

be liable to do

4. 表“目的”的名词

The function + of sth. + is to do sth.

function, goal, purpose, aim, objective, reason, intention

5.与接不定式的V或adj. 同词根的名词也接不定式

be able to do -> ability to do

enable sb to do

decide to do -> decision to do

be ambitious to do -> ambition to do

try to do -> make great efforts to do

attempt(v.) to do -> attempt(n.) to do

五、动词不定式的其它形式

1. 动词不定式的将来式

主动：be to do

被动：be to be done

表示预计要发生或按计划要发生的事情

China is to be one of the most important contries in the world.

被动式与过去分词的区别

the surfaces to be glued

the surfaces glued

2. 动词不定式的完成时

主动

to have done

被动

to have been done

表示不定式的动作发生在谓语之前

I’m glad to have seen your son yesterday.

3. 某些adj. 后主动表被动

This plas is difficult to come out

easy

hard（责任编辑 陈奕璇）